The lack of attractiveness of the profession, confirmed by the latest wave of inscriptions to the tests, is doubled by an increasingly systemic appeal to contract workers.
per Eléa Pommiers
The question is not to know if it will miss teachers recruited by competition at the start of the next school year, but how much. The registration figures for the 2023 session do not leave room for doubt: despite the two weeks of additional delay granted to candidates to come forward, the number of files filed is only very slightly higher than In 2022, where more than 4,000 positions (20 %) could not be provided after the events.
In the first degree, they are 9 % more than in 2022 but still 38 % less than in 2021. In the second degree, it is 4 % more, but it still lacks 18.5 % Registered compared to 2021. A slight revival of registrations does not necessarily presume an improvement in effective candidates: the present on the day of the tests are, usually, two to three times less than the registrants. Their number will be all the more scrutinized this year since, according to the details of the Ministry of National Education in the world, 20 % of registrations took place during the two weeks of extension.
The acute crisis of 2022, following the reform requiring a Master 2 instead of a Master 1 to pass the competitions, was therefore not due to the only year of implementation of the reform and is rooted in the time. “We have seen for several years that the degradation of the attractiveness of the profession and competitions is a heavy trend, and not a cyclical phenomenon,” said sociologist Pierre Périer, author of a report on the subject, in 2016. If the “First Master” of 2011 was the source of a collapse of the candidacies, erosion had however started before, as early as 2004, and was never caught. Despite the resumption of the years 2013-2018, the candidates remained from 30 % to 40 % less numerous than in the 2000s. 2> a high “entry cost”
Second degree competitions have not been refueling for ten years, and the problem now also affects those of the first degree in certain academies, notably Créteil and Versailles.
Quantitatively, the situation is not unprecedented, however. In the years 1980-1990, for example, the competitions struggled to attract while the dizzying increase in the number of students led to the multiplication by more than two of the number of positions in the second degree competitions between 1986 and 1993. Result, 20 % at 30 % of positions remain vacant for several years.
But current tensions do not result, as then, from a significant increase in needs and certain figures have something to alarm. Never, since the late 1960s, the number of presents in CAPES has been as low as in 2022. The rate of selectivity of competitions has almost never been so low either: less than two candidates per post in Several academies and disciplines. In Créteil and Versailles, there was even less than a candidate for a school teacher position.
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