According to the calculations of the Institute of the Economy for the Climate, households, companies and the State should invest between 13 billion and 30 billion euros per year between 2021 and 2030 to keep the Cap of carbon neutrality.
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The financing of the ecological transition has never seemed as urgent as under the pressure of climate and energy crises, both linked to our addiction to fossil fuels. After a decade of “chronic underinvestments” in France, we observe both a note of hope and reasons for concern, indicates the Institute of the Economy for the Climate (i4ce) in its annual panorama , published Friday 14 October, in the midst of a budgetary debate. The reflection circle shows that public and private investments devoted to the climate increased sharply in 2021, reaching 84 billion euros, up 18 % compared to 2020. But this start remains “fragile”, warn the experts, And it will still be necessary to increase these expenses a lot to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050 and lastingly reduce the dependence on coal, oil and gas.
These investments made by households, businesses and public authorities are growing in the three sectors studied by i4ce: transport, buildings and energy production, which concentrate 60 % of French greenhouse gas emissions . The highest increases are found on the side of the purchase of electric and hybrid vehicles (+ 68 %in one year), the development of renewable energies (+ 34 %) or even the energy renovation of buildings (+ 20 %).
This “exceptional” progression “is part of a context of economic recovery But also of dynamic public support, “said Hadrien Hainaut, one of the authors of the study. The increase in investments is thus linked to the delayed project delayed in 2020 due to the COVVI-19 pandemic but also to the consequences of the recovery plan of 100 billion euros launched by the executive in 2020, a third of which is devoted to the ecological transition. The State, for example, paid 5.1 billion subsidies (in particular Maprimerenov ‘) to households to help them renovate their housing and local authorities have increased the subsidies paid to SNCF Network. The regulations have also played: the new European standards for CO 2 emission, for example, pushed manufacturers to put on the market for electric and hybrid vehicles.
In total, climate investments increased by 71 % between 2011 and 2021. “Last year, we got closer to what should be done in terms of volume, welcomes Damien Demailly, the Director General Deputy of the i4ce. But there are questions about quality. “The rise in funding has, for example, not necessarily led to efficient energy renovations with real gains of energy efficiency, he recalls.
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