An international group of researchers from Japan and Spain has made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize our understanding of the spread of microorganisms and their impact on human health. Specializing in climate, health, and atmospheric phenomena, the researchers conducted a series of unique experiments at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 3000 meters above sea level. Their findings revealed that the air at these heights is teeming with living organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
To gather data, a specially equipped plane was used to conduct 10 flights over the planetary boundary layer of Japan at various altitudes. Analysis of the samples collected revealed the presence of over 266 species of fungi and 305 genera of bacteria. The predominant bacteria included actinobacteria, bacilli, proteobacteria, and bacteroids, while the fungal flora was mostly comprised of ascomycetes.
Of particular concern is the identification of several pathogenic microorganisms among the samples, some of which are known to be potentially harmful to humans. Pathogens such as E. coli, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found, all capable of causing serious diseases.
Through DNA analysis, the researchers discovered that many of the microbes detected over Japan had originated from China, traversing more than 2000 kilometers – highlighting the ability of microorganisms to travel vast distances through the air with the assistance of strong winds. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among the samples poses additional challenges in combating infectious diseases.
This newfound mechanism of long-distance microorganism transport presents significant implications for public health, shedding light on how infectious diseases may spread globally. Researchers now aim to assess the role of “air transport” in the dissemination of pathogens and its potential impact on the emergence of epidemics.
The study also raises concerns regarding the influence of climatic changes on pathogen spread, suggesting that alterations in wind patterns or intensification due to global warming could contribute to the emergence of new disease outbreaks. The research findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September 9, 2024.