After almost two decades of development, the “Internet of animals” project, created by German ornithologist Martina Vikelski, is set to be launched in 2025. This groundbreaking project aims to track thousands of animals across the globe using the innovative Icarus system, which involves attaching tiny sensors to various animal species.
In addition to monitoring animals, the Icarus system will also track inanimate objects such as glaciers and ocean plastic debris, highlighting the importance of ecology and its impact on wildlife. The use of chips weighing less than a paper clip will provide valuable insights into migration patterns, behavior, and habitats of different species, aiding scientists in understanding the impact of global changes on entire populations or species.
The project has faced numerous setbacks over the years, from technical issues to geopolitical crises. Originally intended for use with a receiver on the International Space Station, plans had to be revised after mechanical problems arose on the Russian ISS segment in 2022. Now, the ICARUS project will utilize five miniature Cubesat satellites for global coverage, allowing for tracking of animals even in remote areas.
Funded by Max Planck, the launch of the system is estimated to cost around $1.57 million, with annual operating expenses of approximately $160,000. Scientists are optimistic that data gathered through Icarus will enhance understanding of how climate change impacts animal populations, particularly those that are challenging to study using traditional methods due to their habitat or behavior.
One example of the system’s effectiveness is seen in a study conducted by researchers from the University of Colorado in Denver on mountain Zuikov, a species with an 80% population decline over the past 60 years. Icarus sensors helped uncover the reasons behind their mortality and migration habits, offering valuable insights into tracking these birds living in remote areas with low population density.
The affordability and capabilities of the Icarus project set it apart from traditional tracking methods, which can be costly and limited in scope. With some tracking technologies exceeding $1,500 per sensor plus data transfer costs, the Icarus system offers a more cost-effective and comprehensive solution for monitoring wildlife worldwide.