Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a nanorobot called Nanogripper, made from a single DNA molecule. This tiny structure resembles a hand with four flexible fingers that can capture viruses, including Covid-19, and prevent them from entering cells. The device has potential applications in diagnosis, infection prevention, and drug delivery to target cells.
The choice of DNA as the building material for the nanorobot was based on its strength, flexibility, and programmability. The Nanogripper utilizes special DNA-appamers that can identify molecular targets, such as the adhesion protein of the coronavirus. Once the target is detected, the fingers of the nanorobot bend to grab the virus. It can be attached to surfaces or integrated into complex systems for various biomedical uses, including diagnostics and therapies.
In order to detect Covid-19, the Nanogripper was combined with a photon crystal, leading to the development of a rapid test that is as accurate as PCR methods. The test can be completed in about 30 minutes and is highly sensitive due to the nanorobot’s ability to capture individual viral particles. If the virus is present, a fluorescent signal is activated, allowing for particle counting.
Furthermore, the Nanogripper has demonstrated the ability to block viruses from binding to cells in laboratory experiments. By clasping onto viruses, it prevents them from interacting with cell receptors. This development paves the way for potential antiviral treatments, such as a nasal spray that could prevent respiratory virus infections.
Aside from combating viruses, the Nanogripper is also being considered for use in cancer treatment. The nanorobot can be programmed to recognize specific tumor markers and deliver drugs directly to affected cells. Future plans include optimizing the design further and conducting tests for a wide range of biomedical applications.