Scientists have made significant progress in understanding how shock waves, acting as natural particle accelerators, propel particles to extreme speeds. These phenomena are crucial in the creation of space rays, which are particles that travel vast distances through space.
A new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, combines data from NASA satellites (MMS and Themis/Artemis) with theoretical advancements. Led by Dr. Savvas Raptis from Johns Hopkins University and Dr. Ahmad Lalti from the University of Northumbria, the research presents a new model for the acceleration of electrons within shock waves.
For years, scientists have sought to explain how electrons attain relativistic energies. The prevailing mechanism, known as Fermi acceleration, requires initial energy, leaving the question of its source unanswered. This new study aims to address this long-standing issue.
An event observed on December 17, 2017, demonstrated electrons within Earth’s magnetosphere reaching energies exceeding 500 KEV, compared to their normal energy levels of about 1 KEV. This acceleration was attributed to a combination of factors, including electron interaction with plasma waves and temporal structures in the near-Earth environment.
The findings of the study offer valuable insights into the functioning of shock waves and energy transfer processes in the universe. Researchers suggest that similar mechanisms may be fundamental in the generation of cosmic rays in other astrophysical structures, such as supernova remnants and active galactic nuclei.
Dr. Raptis underscores the importance of integrating research across various scales to comprehend these processes, while Dr. Lalti highlights the potential for further investigations into particle acceleration not only within our solar system but also beyond its boundaries.