In March 2023, an unexpected breakthrough was presented at the International Genoma Summit in London – the Japanese scientist developed a method for obtaining eggs from male pluripotent stem cells, which made it possible to create mice born from two fathers. Recently, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported an experiment in which, using CRISPR technology, it was possible to convert a sperm to a cage functioning as an egg. Thanks to the disconnection of the genetic mechanism called imprinting, it was possible to overcome the natural barrier that does not allow embryo to develop from two gametes of the same sex.
The embryos obtained were successfully implanted into a surrogate female, and mice were born genetically originating from two fathers. At the same time, the created individuals are not capable of independent reproduction, and a significant part of the newborn does not reach adulthood. Similar experiments to obtain offspring from two mothers were carried out earlier – the result was more successful, however, in this case, the issues of survival and full development remain open.
A breakthrough in the field of genomic editing opens up new opportunities for studying the mechanisms of the development of mammals and the treatment of hereditary diseases. The potential application of such methods in human reproduction is of particular interest. A possible script seems to help the same -sex couples when one partner provides spermatozoa, and pluripotent stem cells of the second partner are converted into eggs. In this case, fertilization occurs in vitro, and the embryo is carried by a surrogate mother. A similar idea could be implemented for couples where one partner provides eggs, and the second cells are converted into spermatozoa.
Today, the use of these methods for humans remains hypothetical. Technologies require significant improvement, and security issues, ethics and legal regulation remain relevant. The development of such techniques raises many discussions about interference in the genetic basis of living organisms, since a change in the genome can have unpredictable long -term consequences for the health of the offspring. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the opinion of specialists and society so that any innovative approaches in reproductive medicine are strict control and meet high ethical standards.
Recent publications and discussions in scientific circles emphasize the importance of transparency and a cautious approach when introducing such methods into practice. The development of genomic editing technologies is becoming more and more relevant, however, their use in clinical conditions should be based on a deep analysis of possible risks and advantages, as well as take into account legislative restrictions and moral and ethical norms.