An unusual genetic mutation allows some people to see 100 times more shades than an ordinary human eye. This phenomenon, known as tetrahromathy, is the complete opposite of color blindness and remains a little-studied phenomenon.
Tetrahromates can distinguish up to 100 million color variations, while for ordinary people, this figure is only about a million. This ability is due to having four photosensitive cones in the retina of the eye instead of the usual three.
The artist Antiko Concit, who possesses this rare ability, shared her experience with BBC Future. During painting in the park, she noticed fine pink overflows on stones and barely noticeable red shades on leaves, which the students she pointed them out to could not see, leading her to realize her unique perception of colors.
According to Cleveland Clinic, tetrahromates have a heightened sensitivity to the orange spectrum. Researchers estimate that approximately 12% of people with XX chromosomes could potentially be carriers of this genetic feature. However, not all carriers can perceive the world in such vivid colors as Antiko, as specific conditions must be met for tetrahromacy to manifest.
In a study conducted in 2010, published by the Journal of Vision, out of 24 participants with the genetic mutation, only one person was identified as a true tetrarahromate, capable of accurately distinguishing all proposed shades.
There are two types of tetrarahromates: weak type individuals can slightly better distinguish shades than ordinary people, while strong type individuals are believed to see colors inaccessible to the ordinary eye.
Although there are tests available online, this ability cannot be self-tested. Even DNA analysis used by scientists to search for characteristic mutations is insufficient. An examination using special equipment in a scientific laboratory is required to accurately determine tetrarahromacy.
For those without natural expanded color perception, there is hopeful news: scientists are developing special glasses that will enable ordinary people to see the world through the eyes of tetrahromates.