Triton, the largest satellite of Neptune, is considered one of the most interesting objects of the solar system from a biological point of view. Despite its inaccessibility, active volcanoes, a thin atmosphere, and the presence of organic molecules called tolins have been observed on its surface. The only time Triton was studied was by the Voyager device 35 years ago, but now discussions are underway about the possibility of a new mission to this mysterious satellite.
One of the promising projects is the concept of a mission called Triton Hopper proposed by NASA specialists in 2018. This mission was funded by the Institute of Promising Concepts of NASA (NIAC). Triton Hopper is designed to use a cryogenic pump to extract fuel from the surface of Triton, allowing the device to “jump” at distances up to 5 kilometers per month while conducting various scientific research.
The main challenge of such a mission is delivering the device to Triton. Studies have indicated that the optimal methods for reaching the satellite are solar electric propulsion and aerodynamic braking in Neptune’s atmosphere. The Hopper will need to fly in conjunction with an orbital spacecraft to plan the “jump” trajectory and maintain communication with Earth.
Upon landing on Triton, the device will be equipped to carry out various scientific tasks. It is set to include a radar for surface probing, spectrometer, microscope, and seismometer. The total weight of the device will be around 300 kg, relatively light for an interplanetary mission.
Most of the weight of Triton Hopper will be in its unique propulsion system. This system heats material gathered from the satellite’s surface to a usable fuel state, utilizing six main engines and four steering engines for movement. The device is projected to “jump” short distances every month, covering approximately 150 kilometers in two years.
Although the Triton Hopper project is currently on hold, interest in studying Triton remains high. It is possible that a mission similar to this one will be launched to explore Neptune’s largest satellite in the future.