A recent study has shed light on the use of pulsars, rapidly rotating neutron stars formed after supernova explosions, as precise cosmic timekeepers. These stars emit regular light pulses that can be harnessed to detect unseen objects within the Milky Way.
Professor John Losekko, in line with the general theory of relativity, proposed that by closely monitoring the exact frequency of pulsar pulses, astronomers could detect the presence of invisible mass. This led to the creation of Pulsar Timing Arrays, allowing for the monitoring of gravitational waves across vast distances in space.
To ensure accurate measurements, scientists must factor in the movements of pulsars within double systems, as well as the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. By correcting for these movements, researchers can determine precise intervals between pulses and detect delays caused by massive objects passing in front of pulsars.
The study identified 12 potential massive objects using data from 65 millisecond pulsars observed over thousands of days. Some of these detections have significant statistical validity, with one object estimated to have a mass equivalent to one-fifth of the Sun’s mass.
These objects, which could include wandering planets, small stellar remnants, or dark matter clumps, are currently being referred to as “mass concentrations” due to the lack of conclusive evidence regarding their nature. The research is ongoing, with Professor Losekko presenting the findings at the National Astronomical Assembly held at the University of Hall.