Researchers from Stanford University have developed miniature lasers based on titanium-sapphire (Ti:Sa) crystals that are 10,000 times smaller than any previous similar devices and can be integrated into a chip. Previously, such lasers cost more than $100,000 each, but the new technology allows for the cost to be reduced to $100 per laser.
Scientists believe that in the future, it will be possible to create thousands of these lasers on a single four-inch plate, significantly reducing their cost. These miniature lasers have potential applications in quantum computers, neuroscience, and microsurgery.
The experimental laser is based on two key processes. First, the sapphire crystal is crushed to a layer with a thickness of only a few hundred nanometers. Then, a vortex structure is created from miniature crests, into which a green laser is directed. The intensity of the laser increases with each turnover in this structure.
One of the most challenging stages of production was creating the platform. Sapphire is a very hard material, and during grinding, it often causes cracks or damages equipment. However, once this problem was solved, the process proceeded smoothly. These new lasers can be tuned to various wavelengths, ranging from 700 to 1000 nanometers (from red to infrared range), making them particularly useful for atomic studies.
The vortex structure on the crystal’s surface helps to enhance the intensity of the laser. The research team has also launched Brightlight Photonics to commercialize this technology. Initially, the plan is to offer the products to the academic community, as these new lasers outperform existing ones significantly.
The miniature Ti:Sa lasers have the potential to revolutionize quantum computing by reducing the size of the devices. They can also have a significant impact on optogenetics, where scientists control neurons using light directed to the brain, replacing current bulky optical fibers. Furthermore, these lasers can be utilized in laser surgery.
Further miniaturization and mass production of these lasers could lead to hundreds, or even thousands, of devices on the same plate. Researchers are optimistic about the success of this technology and aim to bring the first custom-made laser for academic users to the market within two years. The potential applications of these miniature lasers are vast, and it is challenging to predict where they will be used in the next five years.