Scientists from the Imperial College of London have developed vegan skin using genetically modified bacteria. This skin is animal-free, plastic-free, and has the unique ability to color itself. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the fashion industry, making it more environmentally friendly.
Throughout history, humans have always been fascinated with color, with evidence dating back to the Stone Age caves. The introduction of synthetic dyes was a significant milestone in the color industry, but it came at a cost to the environment, especially in the leather dyeing process where black dyes were particularly harmful.
Researchers focused on bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter bacteria. This material has various applications such as sound insulation and medicine. By genetically modifying the bacteria, scientists were able to grow sheets of bacterial cellulose and dye them black using Emlanin’s pigment. This process has minimal carbon emissions, water usage, and time compared to traditional leather production methods.
The cellulose was grown around a form resembling the upper part of shoes, allowing it to take shape in just two weeks. The material was then treated with gentle shaking at 30°C for two days.
Genetic engineering not only enhances the physical and aesthetic properties of biomaterials, but also allows for customization of colors and patterns. Moreover, bacteria can be modified to produce colors when exposed to blue light.
This collaborative effort between scientists and designers, led by Professor Tom Ellis, paves the way for creating new environmentally friendly, self-coloring alternatives to traditional leather. Future plans include expanding the range of colors and materials, supported by a £2 million grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Council.