A new theory of quantum gravity, proposed by scientists from the University College of London, Jonathan Oppenheim and Andrea Russo, offers an explanation for one of the greatest mysteries of modern Astronomy – the abnormal rotation of galaxies. Traditionally explained by the presence of dark matter, researchers argue that their theory can account for these observed effects without the need for this elusive type of matter.
The main challenge in astronomy has been the rapid rotation of the outer regions of galaxies in comparison to the expected mass, leading to the hypothesis of dark matter. Despite years of research and billions of dollars spent, direct evidence for its existence has remained elusive.
As an alternative, in the 1980s, physicist Mordechai Milgrom introduced the concept of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), suggesting that on a galactic scale, Newton’s laws may operate differently. However, this theory has not gained widespread support due to the lack of compelling evidence and the necessity to challenge established laws of dynamics.
Oppenheim and Russo’s theory is grounded in the notion that relativity can be both classical and stochastic, possessing a random element akin to Brownian motion in liquids. This allows for a mathematically consistent integration of quantum mechanics and relativity. Their research indicates that on a galactic scale, gravity may exhibit small, random variations, resulting in an additional gravitational force that holds galaxies together.
The crux of this new approach is that under low accelerations, such as those at the outskirts of galaxies, gravitational field-induced changes act as an entropy force, deviating from Einstein’s general relativity. This entropy force, as per the researchers, offers an explanation for the curved rotation of galaxies without the need to invoke dark matter.
Despite the promise of this new theory, Oppenheim and Russo underscore the importance of further research, including simulations of the Brownian motion of space-time and its impact on masses. Subsequent experiments can either confirm or challenge this theory, potentially reshaping the quest for dark matter and enhancing our comprehension of the universe’s structure.