The first in history 3D printer working with molten metal opens a new chapter in the history of space research. This breakthrough provides astronauts with the ability to produce metal parts and tools directly in orbit.
The Apollo 13 expedition demonstrated the importance of finding quick solutions in extreme space conditions. It marked the beginning of the history of space “hackers,” who had to invent survival methods using improvised means. While the Apollo 13 mission became a symbol of ingenuity, modern technologies like 3D printing are now opening new horizons for space research.
The Airbus command has developed a new 3D printer, roughly the size of a washing machine, that uses powerful lasers to melt metal alloys at temperatures exceeding 1200 degrees Celsius. This process allows for the layer-by-layer construction of objects, which can be utilized to create spare parts or tools required by astronauts in space.
The printer installation is scheduled to take place in the Columbus laboratory on the ISS, where four test prints will be conducted. The resulting objects will then be compared to analogues made under Earth’s gravity conditions to assess their strength and integrity. This experiment aims to demonstrate the safety of the process, despite the high temperatures and release of harmful gases.
This technology will significantly enhance astronauts’ independence by enabling them to produce necessary tools and parts on-demand. Although the printing process takes nearly two days and the results may not be perfect, the development of orbital production technologies unveils new prospects for further space exploration.
In the future, metallic 3D printing could contribute to the creation of a “circular space economy” by the European Space Agency (ESA). This involves processing materials from decommissioned satellites and missiles into new designs, tools, and parts. Hence, future space “hackers” will be able to address complex problems through advanced technologies, complementing tried-and-true tools like adhesive tape with modern 3D printers.