Food, sedentary lifestyle, weight of pathologies, life expectancy: a report by DREES, published on Wednesday September 21, notes the need for better targeted prevention.
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Risk behaviors, eating habits, physical activity, life expectancy, chronic diseases, recourse and access to care …: on all fronts, health inequalities persist in France. In this regard, the report on the state of health of the population in France, published Wednesday, September 21 by the Directorate of Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES), will hardly surprise. No more than the recall of the main engines of these iniquities: the socio-economic level and the residential region, two partly linked determinants. “The first killer in the world is misery and poverty, and France does not escape it,” notes Mahmoud Zureik, professor of epidemiology and public health at the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin (Yvelines ).
To meet these figures, the DREES gathered, in addition to its own data, the results of numerous public health studies France, health insurance, INSERM, the National Institute of Statistics and Economic studies (INSEE), Epi-Phare…
This assessment first recalls a demographic perspective: if, today, 9 % of people are aged 75, they should be 16 % in thirty years. Life expectancy at birth continues to grow despite a drop-related drop in 2020 (minus seven months for men and minus six months for women). In 2021, she was 85.4 years for women and 79.3 years for men. But the gains are annoyed over time. Between 2014 and 2019, it increased by 0.2 years in women, against one year of gain between 2009 and 2014; and in men of 0.5 years, against 1.5 years.
A positive point, however: life expectancy without incapacity (without loss of autonomy linked to a handicap, a disease …) at 65 years old progresses faster than life expectancy at 65 years. Between 2009 and 2019, the first increased by 2.1 years and the second by 0.8 years in women – and 1.4 years and 1.2 years in men. “This is a sign that France has made progress in terms of prevention,” observes Antoine Flahault, director of the Global Health Institute in Geneva. “Our country was delayed to catch up, in particular compared to Sweden or Spain,” adds Philippe Amouyel, professor of public health at the University of Lille and at the Lille University Hospital.
But this progress remains marked by strong inequalities. The disparities are territorial, first. Life expectancy thus remains lower in the north and east of metropolitan France and in the five overseas departments and regions (DROM). In Maine-et-Loire, she culminates at 86.3 years at birth in women and 80.3 years in men. In Mayotte, she does not exceed 73.6 years in women and 72.3 years in men. In addition, “the north and northeast of France are distinguished by a greater mortality for all cancers, diseases of the respiratory system and cardio-nepacular diseases”, notes the Drees.
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