According to an innovative study, 72 % of the children of modest parents earn their lives better than them.
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An original study, published by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), on May 19, twists the neck at the idea that France would be “the” country of reproduction of social inequalities. Statisticians, for the first time, compared the 2018 28 -year -old adult income to those of their parents, ten years earlier, to measure the mobility of resources between generations. “Parents’ income influence, of course, strongly those of children, but are far from determining them entirely,” write the authors.
Among the children of disadvantaged parents belonging to the 20 % of the most modest households, a quarter are still a party to 28 years old from 40 % of the wealthiest households and “12 % have very ascending mobility and join the 20 % the most rich “. By widening the point of view, the study notes that 72 % of the children of modest parents earn their lives better than them. At the other end of the table, 15 % of the children of wealthy parents have descending mobility and find themselves, at 28 years old, among the 20 % of the most modest households.
According to INSEE, those who are most likely to improve their income compared to those of their parents are rather men, living in Ile-de-France and one of the parents of whom graduated from the superior . The children of immigrants have a stronger ascending mobility than the average, of 15 % against 10 %. Several factors could contribute to it: they reside more generally in large cities and dynamic territories offering more job opportunities; Their parents have invested more intensively in their education … The study is breaking another received idea, by reporting that the ascending mobility is identical, at 19 %, in Seine-Saint-Denis, the poorest department in France , and in the Hauts-de-Seine, the richest.
“Efficient French model”
“These conclusions may seem contradictory to the feeling of social determinism, very strong in France compared to other countries”, explains, on the INSEE blog, Michaël Sicsic, in charge of study on inequalities and the poverty and co -author of the study. He refers to the publication, in June 2018, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), of a study widely taken up in media and political discourse, which had struck the spirits by affirming in particular that France ” Displays, in terms of labor and social status income, a relatively low mobility compared to other countries “, such as Spain, Greece, Portugal or Denmark.
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