75 years ago, on May 22, 1946, SCB was transformed into the State Union Design Bureau of Special Mechanical Engineering (GSKB Spetsmash) to create a start-up, lifting and transport, refueling and auxiliary ground equipment for technical and starting complexes of long-range missiles and the ICBM. Now – this is the research institute of the launch complexes named after V.P. Barmin, the branch of the center of exploitation of the objects of ground-based space infrastructure (part of the state corporation “Roscosmos”).
Today is the main activity of the NII of SC named V.P. Barmina is the creation of starting and technical complexes for various purposes, refueling complexes, research and development work in the field of environment and ecology, agro-industrial and fuel and energy complex, creating and maintaining rocket and rocket-space complexes of various purposes with ground, air and marine basing for solving defense, scientific, etc. Tasks.
for 1941-1956 SKB developed 82 samples of various installations, 38 of which were adopted by the Soviet Army and the Navy. For the successful implementation of the government assignment, the SCB was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree. In 1946, SCB, transformed into the State Union Design Bureau of Special Mechanical Engineering, was assigned to the development of land systems and aggregates to prepare for starting and implementing the launch of ballistic and anti-aircraft missiles. In the period from 1946 to 1961, GSKB Spetsmash were created and commissioned starting complexes using mobile means of service and refueling ballistic missiles R-1, P-2, R-5, R-12, P-14 and an anti-aircraft missile in -300.
GSKB Spetsmash was the first organization for the development of starting and technical complexes, which included: transport, starting and fueling equipment, mechanical bakery equipment and high-vacuum installations, helium high-pressure compressor stations, installations for supercooled liquid oxygen and other unique equipment. For the successful implementation of government assignments in April 1956, GSKB Spetsmash was awarded the Order of the Labor Red Banner. In 1954, GSKB Spetsmash was determined by the head design bureau for the development of the starting complex and the technical position for the R-7 rocket.
Unique starting and technical complexes for R-7 type carrier missiles, “East”, “Lightning”, “Union” provided a successful launch of the first in the world:
- ballistic intercontinental rocket;
- Earth satellites, sun and moon;
- manned spacecraft types “East”, “Sunrise”, “Union”;
- Spaceships of type “Zenit”, “Probe”, “Electron”, “Cosmos”, “Lightning”, “Venus”, “Mars”, etc.