Scientists of the Kavley Physico-Mathematics Institute in Japan found that near the horizon of black hole events should be observed string effects that are able to prove the theory of quantum gravity. Briefly on the study published in the magazine Physical Review D, reported in a press release on Phys.org.
physicists reviewed the problem arising in quantum theory when describing the behavior of photons near the horizon of the black hole events. The trajectory of the particles from one point to another is determined by the correlation function. In a flat space-time, there is only one possible trajectory, however, there can be many trajectories in a twisted, which is why mathematical singularities occur.
Black holes have an extremely powerful gravitational field, which is so strongly twisting space-time that photons may be “trapped”, twice the scope of Schwarzschild. As a result, a photon sphere arises – a bright halo around the shade of a black hole, which is visible on the picture taken by the Event Horizon telescope (EHT) and published in 2019. Gravity forces the light to move along different trajectories, which leads to singularities. In the case of repeated photon wounds around a black hole, these singularities begin to represent a problem for quantum mechanics.
Scientists came to the conclusion that the theory of strings allows to get rid of singularities, as it considers the photon not in the form of a point particle, but in the form of a string. The tidal effects from the gravity of the black hole stretch the string, and, if we take into account this effect, the behavior of the particles begins to correspond to the expectations of physicists. According to researchers, further studies of black holes and receiving more detailed images will allow you to confirm the predictions of the theory of strings.